Combined mortising



E; W. SNEDEKER. COMBINED MORTISING, TENONING, 'AND PLA'NING MAGHINRfAN'D TURNING LATHE.-

Patented Apr. 10, 1888.

1 (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet, 2.

(No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 3.

E. W. SNEDEKER. COMBINED MORTISING,. TENONING; AND PLANING MAOHIN E, AND

TURNING LATHE. I

No. 380,953. Patented Apr. 10, 1888.

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Warren drmns Parent rriicn.

EDGAR YVYVILL S NEDEKER, OF JAMESBURG, NEN JERSEY.

COMBINED MORTISING, TENONING, AND PLANING MACHINE, AND TURNING-LATHE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 380,953, dated April 10, 1888.

Application filed June 11, 1887. Serial No. 241,030.

and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Combined Mortising, Tenoning and Planing Machine, and Turn ing-Lathe, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to a combined mortising, tenoning, and planing machine, and turning-lathe; and it consists in the construction and arrangement of the parts ofthe same, which will be more fully hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

The primary object of my invention is to provide a combined woodworking machine embodying several machinesin one, which are adapted to be shifted as either one of the separate devices is adapted to be used, the power being transmitted from a single-line shaft situated in and supported by the lower framework.

A secondary object of my invention is to provide a compact wood-working machine capable of adjustment and arrangement to provide for the separateuse of any one of the single mechanisms, which are driven by footpower, and which, when in operation, do not interfere with any of the remaining parts of the machine.

A further object of my invention is to provide a wood-working machine which is complete in its construction and which can be arranged as a mortiser, tenoner, turning-lathe, and planer at will and as may be desired, the several adjustments used for accomplishing the desired change being so constructed as to arrange the parts with which they are in connection in a relative position to the workingtools and feed and guide the same with mechanical nicety.

A further object of my invention is to pro vide a combined woodworking machine combining a mortiser, tenoner, turning lathe, and planer which are readily adjustable and adapted to be used separately and independently, and in which, when it is desired to use two different parts thereof in working upon the same stock, the change may be made with rapidity and without labor and loss of time by (No model.)

reason of the relative positions of the several mechanisms.

A further object of my invention is to provide a combined woodworking machine which is simple and effective in its construction and operation, easily handled and readily understood and operated, strong and durable, positive in its desired ultimate result, compact in its construction and arrangement, and comparatively inexpensive in its manufacture. I attain these objects by the mechanism illustrated in theaccompanying drawings,wherein like letters of reference indicate similar parts in the several views, and in which- Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved machine. Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the same. Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the mortising end of the machine. Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section on the line or m of Fig. l, the mortising mechanism being omitted. Fig. 5 is a top plan'view of a portion of the table attachment used with the tenoning portion of the machine. Fig. 6 is a detail perspective view of the sliding table used in connection with the tenoner. Fig. 7' is a detail top plan view of an attachment adapted to be used in connection with the bed of the machine when the sameis converted into a planer. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the attachment shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is an end elevation of said section. Fig; 10'is a cross-sectional view on the line 9 yof Fig. 5, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 11 is a detail perspective View of the inner end of the mandrel.

Aindicates thelegs of the framework,which are arranged at a slightly outward inclined position to accommodate the mechanism mounted in connection therewith, and have two bed-beams, A, secured in mortises formed at their upper ends, a space being left between said bed beams, for purposes which will be more fully hereinafter set forth. The said bedbeams A extend the entire length of the machine and are adapted to support the mechanism above the lower frame-work and the several connections thereof. Secured to the four legs A are suitable cross-beams, A", having boxes a secured to their top edges, in which the main shaft B is journaled below the bedbeams A. The ends of the main shaft B have disks or plates D secured thereto and wristpins eccentricall y mountedin connection therewith, to which the ends of rods E are secured, the other ends of which rods are connected to a treadle, E, which is mounted in a manner similar to any well-known form of foot-power treadle. The rod E, adjacent to the mortising end of the machine, is made of slightly-irregular shape, so as to pass around the construction required at this point. Upon the shaft B the main driving-pulley O is mounted, from which motion is translated to the tenoning, planing, and lathe mechanism. 011 the outer side of the legs A, adjacent to the mortising end of the machine, a treadle, H, is mounted, which projects outwardly beyond the front leg A and is normally situated at a higher elevation than the treadle E. This treadleis adapted to operatethe mortising-tools, and I will now set forth the construction and arrangement and manner of combining the attachments in connection with the several parts to convert them into the several mechanisms.

Upon one end of'the bed-beams A, at the left side of the main frame, an adjustable table, F, is secured, being adjustable in a vertical plane by means of a slotted beam, F, secured to the under side thereof, the slot of which beam is engaged by a clamping-screw and clamp-wheel, G, which operate in connection with the metallic block 9, secured to one of the legs A, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3, and by means of which wheel and screw G the tableis secured in either of its adjusted positions by the clamping action of the said screw and wheel, as will be readily understood.

To further aid the beam F in its movement and guide the same in a direct line, a metallic staple, g, is secured to one of the cross-beams A and over the lower end of the said beam F. The ad vantage of the adj ustability of this table F is readily understood and need not be further specified. To one side of the said table F a vertically-arranged rod, F,is monnted,passing through a head, F having a set-screw in connection therewith, which is adapted to clamp the said rod in the position in which it may beadjusted. The upper end of this rod is provided with a forked arm, F, Fig. 2, which is adapted to engage with the top surface of the stock being operated upon and to hold the same in contact with the table against the action of the mortising tool or chisel.

Secured to one side of the treadle H is a rod, K, Fig. 3, which passes upward between the beams A A and adjacent to the face of the mortising-mechanismsupporting standard A as shown in Fig. 3. As shown in said figure, the upper portion of the standard A is provided with two horizontally-arranged arms or guides, K, which extend outwardly from one side of the standard and are adapted to guide the chisel-bar K which passes through apertured collars formed integrally with the outer ends of the said guides K. Between the said guides K a bifurcated link, K is secured, through the apertured end of which the chiselbar K passes, a collar, K, being mounted in the bifurcation of the said link and rigidly secured in connection with the said chisel-bar K. To the said collar K cars k are formed or secured,in which a lever, K is hinged, Fig. 1, having a depending end or finger, k which is adapted to engage with slots is, formed at each side of the lower projecting portion of the link K situated below the collar K, said slots being adapted to receive the end of the finger k when the chisel-bar K is reversed to change the cut of the chisel thereby supported. The rod K is secured to the inner end of the link K and said rod being secured at its lower end to the treadle Ha vertical downward movement is given to the said chiselbar K To the rod K, under the bed-beams A, a lug, k, is secured, which projects outwardly therefrom and receives the screw threaded end of a spring, S, an adjusting or tension nut, K being mounted on the said lower screw-threaded end of the spring S and engaging with the under side of the lug k. the spring S is secured to a metallic plate secured to the under side of the bed-beams A, and through the medium of this adjustable spring the chisel-bar K is thrown upward in a vertical plane in the guide-arms K after the lever or treadle H has been depressed and the pressure of the foot relaxed thereon.

By adjusting the spring S the upward stroke of the chisel-bar K will be regulated as to rapidity of movement. The rod K passes through a guide-box, K secured to the lower guide-arm, K, and by means of which the said rod is given a vertical movement at this point, which, being transmitted to the chiselbar K produces a direct vertical movement of said bar. The said bar K could readily be operated in a vertical plane and raised after being depressed by the lever H; but if green stock were being worked or the chisel should be slightly rusted there would be a' tendency to stick, and to overcome this defect, which might occur, the spring S is used in connection with the rod K, which instantly releases the chisel from the stock with which it is operated. Suitable brace-arms may be arranged at this end of the machine for steadying the movement of the parts situated thereat, and which may be arranged as may be desired and deemed necessary to strengthen the several parts or mechanisms.

To the right of the standard A two cylindrical steel standards, L L, are mounted,upon which a head or casting is secured, said head or casting M being secured to the standard A and increased in size at its central portion, for a purpose which will be more fully hereinafter set forth. Upon the standards L L a frame, L, is mounted, having boxes Z Z secured to its upper and lower corners adapted to pass over and have movement on the said standards L. The upper central portion, Z, of the frame L is slightly enlarged to form a seat for the adjusting-screw P, which passes through the central portion of the casting M and has an op- The upper end of 0 IIO crating crank or handle, P, secured to the up per portion thereof. By this means the said frame L may be adjusted in a vertical plane, either upwardly or downwardly, on the said standards L L. 011 one side of the frame L and secured to vertical arms thereof are boxes Z which project outwardly from the frame L and receive a mandrel, O, which by the arrangement of the boxes Z is situated in the central vertical line of the machine, for a purpose which will be more fully hereinafter set forth. Mounted upon the said mandrel be tween the sides of the frame L is a balancewheel, R, and in the rear of the balance-wheel R a small pulley, q, is keyed in line with the pulley O and from which it receives its motion by means of a belt, as will be readily understood. The one end of the mandrel 0 projects outwardly from the side of one of the standards L for the purpose of receiving the cutterheads when it is adapted to convert the machine into a tenoner or planing-n1achine. A recess of slightly conical configuration is formed in the outer end of the said mandrel J O, and is adapted to receive a center when the machine is used as a lathe.

Adjacent to the standards L and in relative position to the projecting end of the mandrel O a frame, U, is secured upon the bed-beams A, said frame consisting of two tiansverselyarranged bars or beams and a longitudinallyarranged beam connecting said transverse beams. The transverse beams have n shaped trackcastings U secured to the upper side thereof, which engage with grooves formed with correspondingly-arranged strips secured to the top table, U upon which the material adapted to be worked by the machine is placed. This table U has longitudinal strips U uniting the side transverse strips, U and resting on the top thereof is an adjustable strip, U", which constitutes the gage of the said table, moving in slots in transversely-arranged strips thereof. To the rear portion of the said table a metallic upright bar, U is secured, having a series of apertures, a, formed therein, which are adapted to be engaged by an eyebolt, c. To the forward portion of the said table a screwrod, U, is mounted in a vertical position, having the extended nut U mounted on the top portion thereof. A bar, WV, having a slotted end, 20, is adapted to be connected to the metallic bar U and caused to exert a pressure upon the stock carried by the table and being operated upon by the machine throughthe medium of the screw-rod U, havingthe winged extended nut U The slot to in the said bar WV is placed over the metallic bar U and when adjusted to have sufficient play the eyebolt is inserted in the apertures in the said bar above the bar \V. The central portion of the bar W is provided with a strip, WV, which is secured thereto,and which is mounted in such a position on the bar WV as to engage with the connectingstrip or the material resting thereupon and being operated in connection with the machine. When the material or stock has been placed upon said table, the bar NV is placed over the same, with the projection W thereof are secured, which have outwardly-projecting portions 64 extending from the rear portion of the said beam,. to which they are secured. These castings or hinge-plates are mounted in such a position on said beam that they will project therefrom adjacent to the inner sides of the transverse strips of the table U. (See Figs. 3, 4, 5, and 10.) A metallic rod, a passes through the transverse strips of the table U and through the hingeplates a, passing through eyes formed in the projecting portions to thereof. table U backward, as shown in Fig. 4, the said table is swung back upon the rod a as shown, and in such a position as to prevent the said table from falling forward over the bed-beams A, and thereby interfere with the working of any other part of the machine which may be used-at that time. This retention of the table when thrown back is due to the arrangement of the several parts, as shown, which allows the said table to assume a rearward-inclined position to the vertical plane of the beam A to whichitis secured, and thereby throwing it past the center, as will be readily understood. In order to secure the said table in a permanent position-on the beams A, a casting, V, is secured to the longitudinalconmeeting-strip of the said table U, said casting having an eye formed in its lower portion. to which a bolt, V, is pivotally secured and projects through the recess between thetwo beams A A. A rectangular-shaped plate, V, is mounted on the lower end of the said rod or bolt, and a winged nut, V, is placed on the lower threaded end of this bolt V, and when said plate is turned in such a position as to be at right angles to the direction of the recess between the beams A the said winged nut is screwed home against the said plate and the tilting table thereby secured in contact with the beams A. Vhen it is adapted. to release the said table for the purpose of throwing it backward to the rear of the machine, the winged nut is loosened and the plate turned in such a direction as to readily pass through the space between the two beams A, and the bolt, plate, and wing-nut are raised through said space and carried backward with the table, as shown in Fig. 4.

To convert the machinc'into a planer, the sliding table U is removed from the table U, and the table shown in Figs. 7 and S is rested on said table U and that portion of the beams A between the said tableand the standards L, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. l. WVhen When it is adapted to throw the IIO in position upon the said beams A,the transverse strip of the table U nearest the standard L supports theinternal portion of the said table, as indicated in Fig. 9. The table. as represented in Figs. 7, 8, and 9, consists, essentially, of a broad strip, 0, arranged between the left-hand guide of table U and the righthand vertical guide or standard L, as fully shown in dotted linesin Fig. 1, and is mounted on the top surface of two longitudinally-arranged strips, 0 0, Figs. 8 and 9. Mounted on the opposite ends of the strips 0 is a narrower strip, chrunning parallel with the broad strip 0. The strip 0 has two vertical guiderods, 9 g, mounted therein, and are adjustable by means of set-screws I), being adapted for a purpose and operating in a manner well understood in the art. At the central portion of the broad strip a, on the under side of the same, a metallic block, 0 is secured, havinga vertically-arranged screw-rod, c, passing through said block and the strip c,and having a winged nut, 0 on the lower end thereof and a clamping-plate, a, mounted on said screwrod above the winged nut. By this means the said table is held in permanent engagement with the beams A, and thereby steadied against the action of the planing machinery. At the rear portion of this frame-Work, as just described, a shaft, S is mounted and extends the whole length across the rear portion of the frame, being mounted in boxes at each end, and a sprocket wheel, S is secured on said shaft, which is connected, by means of an endless chain belt, with a small sprocket-wheel, s, keyed to the main shaft B, as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 1. On the shaft S outside of the frame-work, a pulley-wheel, S is mounted, which is adapted to engage and operate in connection with suitable feed mechanism which will be mounted upon the standards 9. This feeding mechanism will not be described herein, as it may be of any desired construction and is for the purpose of feeding the stock to the mandrel, as will be readily understood. Upon the outer end of the said shaft S an adjustable handle, S is mounted, and by which the planer may be operated, in this instance the treadle-connecting bars being disconnected from the sh aft B and hand-power used through the medium of the saidhandle S". A suitable cutter-head is placed on the mandrel O, which may be changed as maybe desired and required in the dressing of different kinds of wood and for different purposes.

To convert the machine into a lathe, the planing-frame is removed, as well as the sliding table, and an ordinary tool-rest (indicated in dotted lines in Fig. l) mounted in position on the beams A. The tail-stock b is constructed of considerable height and remains on the bed-frame of the machine at all times, being situated at such a portion thereof by ad u justment as to be entirely clear of the remaining operating portions of the machine. The said tail-stock b is adapted to have the longitudinal movement common to said mechanisms, having a clamping-screw connected to the under side thereof. The said tail-stock is constructed of such height above the bed-beam A as to permit of the turning of various sizes of material, the motion being applied to the said lathe by a belt from the wheel 0 to the pulley q, secured on the mandrel O, which will be readily understood, and which is operated by footpower from the treadle E.

Having thus set forth the mechanical construction of the several parts of my improved combined wood-working machine, I will now proceed to describe the operation of the several parts thereof.

In the operation of the mortiser the timber to be mortised is placed on the adjustable table F and said table so arranged that when the chisel-bar is down the chisel extends a little more than half-way through the stock or timber. The fork F is then adjusted to hold the stock in position to prevent the material from bouncing upward at the return-stroke of 0 the chisel. The treadle H is then operated by foot-power and the timber fed by hand until the end of the mortise is reached. The chiselbar is then reversed and the opposite end finished. The stock is then turned and the same operation repeated.

In the operation of the tenoner the belt is placed over the pulleys c and q, and, the depth of out having been determined,the said belt is also placed over the belt-tightener, which is of the following construction: Two rods, T, are secured to the lower rear portion of the legs A and extend upwardly and support a shaft upon which the beltwhecl S is secured. The rods T have a pivotal swinging movement and carry the shaft upon which the pulley S is mounted in their said movement. The said shaft is adapted to engage with the under side of serrated bars T, projecting outwardly from the frame or bed beams Ain the rear of the machine. When the frame L is raised or lowered to regulate the depth of cut, as hereinbefore set forth, the belt encircling the wheels G and q must of necessity be adjusted to transmit the power from thepulley 0 without slipping. To adapt the same belt for any position in which the frame L may be adjusted, it is made of such length as to relatively operate in connection with the pulley (1 when the frame is raised to its highest position. When the said frame is adj ustcd to any intermediate position, the belt-tightener pulley S is brought into play by passing the belt thereover and adjusted onthe serrated barsT, as will be readily understood, to take up all possible slack in the belt. By this means it will be seen that a single belt is used, which is always in position upon the pulley O and q, and is arranged in proper relation to the said pulleys when the frame L is adjusted by the adjustment of the belt-tightener. When the adjustment has been obtained, the tenoning or cutter head is placed on the mandrel O and the stock ortimber placed under and in relative position to IIO said cutter-head. The table upon which the said material rests, is then drawn by the op erator toward himself at the same time that he is working the treadle E. By this mode of operation more power is brought to bear than would be if the table were pushed from the operator, as will be readily understood.

The operation of the planer and the lathe will bereadi l y understood, the working thereof requiring merely the adjustment hereinbefore set forth.

By the use of my improved machine a mortiser, tenoner, planer, and turning-lathe are combined in one machine and adapted to be operated by foot-power alone, and the operation of either of said mechanisms separately is not impaired by the other. The mechanism is compact and simple in its construction, and small space is occupied by the entire ma chine, considering the number of machines employed. The parts may be made of wood or metal, as may be desired and thought applicable for various kinds of work. The ten oner has the capacity, as to power and adjust ment, to cut a tenon for the largest door or smallest sash, and will cut tenons on threeinch stock down to the smallest piece. The machine is also adapted for faceplate turning or pattern-cutting, as the parts of the lathe are so constructed that a disk of sixteen inches diameter may be cut and prepared, and using only the foot-power mechanism hereinbefore described.

The planing mechanism is simple in its construction and can do a vast range of work, there being but one thumb-nut to secure it in position, and is capable of doing light planing, rabbeting, molding, and such class of work. i

It is obvious that many minor changes in the construction and arrangement of the several parts may be made and substituted for those herein shown and described without in the least departing from the nature and principle of my invention.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. The combination, with the supporting frame having the beams A, of the hingeplates a, secured to the rear beam A and projecting laterally therefrom, the rod a inserted through the projecting portions of the plates a, and the table U, pivoted at an intermediate point of its length upon the ends of the rod a whereby when said table is swung backward its rear edge will rest against the beam A and the table be thereby sup ported in its raised position, as set forth.

2. The combination, with the legs A, of the elongated beams A,supported by the same and having an intervening space between them,

the table F, mounted in connection with said beams, the vertical longitudinally-slotted arm the block 9, the staple q, secured to one of the legs A and receiving and guiding the vertical arm F, the standard A erected upon the beams A adjacent to the table F, the chiselbar carried by said standard, and the treadle H, for operating said chisel-bar, substantially as specified.

3. The combination, with the supportingframe,the shaft B, journaled therein and having a sprocket-wheel, s, and the table U on the supporting-frame, of the removable table rested on the table U, the shaft 8 carried by the removable table, the sprocket-wheel s on said shaft.adapted to be geared to the sprocketwheels, and the pulley s on said shaft,adapted to actuate a feed mechanism, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, with the beams A, of the table-U,hinged thereto,the bolt V, hinged to the said table and adapted to pass between the beams A, and the plate V carried by said bolt and adapted to be turned so as to engage under the beams A and lock the table thereto, as set forth.

5. The combinatiomwith thebeams A, ofthe frame, the table U, hinged thereto and having its upper face provided with a track, the top table, U fitted and movable on the track of the hinged table, and clamping devices to lock the hinged table in its horizontal posi-v tion, as set forth.

6. The combination,with the beams A, of the frame, the table U, hinged thereto and having its upper face provided with a track, the top table, U fitted and movable on the track of the hinged table, clamping devices to lock the hinged table in its horizontal position,and the vertically-adjustable clamping-lever W, carried by the top table, U as set forth.

7. In combination with the beams A, set at a distance-apart, the table U, hinged thereto, and the swinging bolt V, carried by the table and fitting between the beams A, as set forth.

8. In combination with the swinging table U, the top table, U having the adjustable bar U*, the clamping-bolts connected to the bar U, and the verticallyadjustahle clampinglever W, as set forth.

9. The combination, with the standard A having the arms K, carrying the chisel-bar K of the bifurcated link K, having recesses k arranged in opposite sides of the lower portion of the bifurcation, the collar K on the chisel-bar K in-the bifurcated portion of the link K and the securing reversing-lever K hinged to the collar K and having an end, adapted to engage the recesses in the lower portion of the bifurcated link K to lock the chisel-bar when reversed, substantially as described.

10. The combinatiomwith the standard A ,of the arms K, carrying the chisel-bar K the lower one of said arms being formed with an integral guide-box, K", the vertically-moving rod K, having the integral lug or projection 70 and moving in said box K, the bifurcated link K attached to the chisel-bar secured to the upper end of said rod, the independent treadle H, connected to the lower end of said rod K, the spring S, adjustably secured at its lower end to the lug k and at its upper end to the under side of the supporting beams, and the nut K for adjusting said spring S, substantially as described.

11. The combination,with thebeamsA, having an intervening space, of the hinged table U, having the longitudinal strip, as shown, the casting V, the rod V in pivotal (30111180 tion with the casting, the plate V and the winged nut V substantially as described.

12. The feeding-frame U", consisting of the transverse bars U having slots therein, the

my own I have hereto affixed my signature 25 in presence of two witnesses.

EDGAR WYVILL SNEDEKER. Witnesses:

T. WILTON HILL, 0. E. WESTERVELT. 

